Vinyl records, also known as phonograph records, are analog sound storage devices made from a range of materials including wax, shellac, and vinyl. They have been a popular platform for music lovers for decades and are still highly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts alike.
For many, the experience of listening to a record on a turntable is unrivaled. However, if not taken care of properly, it can become difficult to listen to your favorite music without a few skipped beats.
This guide provides an in-depth look at the causes of skipping records and offers tips on how to prevent and fix this issue so you can get back to enjoying your vinyl collection.
Understanding How Vinyl Records Work
A. Basic Components of a Vinyl Record
1. Grooves
The grooves of a vinyl record are spiraled lines that run from the center of the record outward in a spiral pattern.
Each groove is cut into the surface of the record and contains sound information encoded as physical variations such as bumps, dips, curves, and other shapes.
This information is read by the stylus on a turntable as it tracks along the grooves and translates the physical variations into audible sound.
2. Labels
Vinyl records typically feature paper or printed labels containing information about the artist, title, year of release, record label and other relevant details.
Labels can also be printed with artwork or designs for a more aesthetically pleasing appearance.
3. Runout Area
The runout area is the outermost region of a vinyl record found between the grooves and labels.
This area typically contains markings that are used to identify the record in case it gets lost or stolen, as well as symbols, numbers and other information.
B. How the Turntable and Stylus Interact with the Record
1. Tracking the Grooves
The stylus of a turntable is a small diamond tip that reads the physical variations in the grooves of vinyl records as it moves along them.
As it navigates these bumps, dips and curves, the stylus translates this information into audible sound vibrations that are amplified by the speakers.
2. Translating Vibrations into Audio
The stylus of a turntable is able to read the physical variations in the grooves and translate them into audio vibrations due to its conical shape.
As it moves along the record, the stylus is able to pick up on these variations and create audio signals that can be amplified by speakers.
The shape of the stylus also helps reduce distortion caused by heavy vibrations or physical deformations in the vinyl record.
Recognizing a Skipping Record
A. Definition of a Skipping Record
A skipping record is one that contains physical deformities or imperfections in the grooves which cause the stylus to jump and miss certain sections as it moves along them.
This results in an audible skip or stutter in the music, which can be quite noticeable when listening at higher volumes.
B. Common Signs of a Skipping Record
The most common signs of a skipping record are an audible stutter in the music, a loud crackling noise or popping sound, and an abrupt change in volume from one section to the next.
These symptoms may be accompanied by visible scratches or blemishes on the surface of the vinyl record, which can be caused by a variety of factors such as improper storage or use.
C. The Impact of Skipping on the Listening Experience
When a record skips, it can be quite distracting and detract from the overall listening experience.
This is especially true for those who are accustomed to hearing their music uninterrupted and without any audible hiccups.
Skipping can also cause damage to the record, which may result in a decrease in sound quality and other issues that can affect your enjoyment of music.
Causes of Skipping Records
A. How Vinyl Records Work
1. Grooves
Vinyl records are composed of a series of grooves which spiral around the circumference of the disc, beginning at the center and extending outward to the outer edges.
Each groove is cut into the surface of the record and contains sound information encoded as physical variations such as bumps, dips, curves, and other variations.
2. Labels
Vinyl records are typically adorned with either a standard signature label or one that contains artwork or designs for a more pleasing appearance. Labels contain information about the artist, year of release, record label and other relevant details.
3. Runout Area
The runout area is the outermost region of a vinyl record found between the grooves and labels.
This area typically contains markings that are used to identify the record in case it gets lost or stolen, as well as symbols, numbers and other information.
B. How the Turntable and Stylus Interact with the Record
1. Tracking the Grooves
The stylus of a turntable is a small diamond tip that reads the physical variations in the grooves of vinyl records as it moves along them.
As it navigates these bumps, dips and curves, the stylus translates this information into audible sound vibrations that are amplified by the speakers.
2. Translating Vibrations into Audio
The stylus of a turntable is able to read the physical variations in the grooves and translate them into audio vibrations due to its conical shape.
As it moves along the record, the stylus is able to pick up on these variations and create audio signals that can be amplified by speakers.
The shape of the stylus also helps reduce distortion caused by heavy vibrations or physical deformations in the vinyl record.
Troubleshooting and Fixing Skipping Records
A. Identifying the cause of the skip
The cause of a skipping record can vary, but it often comes down to either an issue with the stylus or the vinyl itself.
Issues with the stylus can include improper alignment, incorrect tracking force settings, or excessive wear and tear due to use.
On the other hand, issues with the vinyl record may include blemishes in the grooves, dust or dirt buildup, scratches from mishandling, or warping due to improper storage.
It is important to identify the cause of the skip in order to properly fix it.
B. Improving the stylus and tonearm setup
In order for the stylus to track smoothly across a vinyl record without skipping, it must be properly aligned.
To do this, it is important to check the cartridge alignment and adjust the tracking force and anti-skate settings as necessary.
C. Cleaning the record and stylus
The grooves of a vinyl record are very sensitive and can become easily clogged with dirt or dust, which can cause skipping.
To prevent this, it is important to regularly clean both the record and stylus with the proper cleaning equipment.
D. Proper storage and handling
Vinyl records should always be stored vertically in a dust-free environment away from direct sunlight.
It is also important to handle records by their edges and labels only, as oils from skin can damage them over time.
Additionally, anti-static materials and accessories such as record cleaners, mats and sleeves should be used to prevent static buildup on the record surface.
Tips and Recommendations for Smooth Record Playback
A. Investing in High-Quality Turntable Components and Accessories
A quality turntable set up will ensure smooth record playback, as well as extend the lifespan of your vinyl records.
Invest in a good turntable such as a direct drive or belt drive model with adjustable tracking force settings, a high-precision tonearm, a good phono cartridge and stylus, and an anti-skate device.
Headshells for tonearms are also recommended for proper alignment of the stylus with the grooves of the record.
B. Regularly Inspecting and Maintaining Equipment
Over time, wear and tear from use can cause issues such as skipping, poor audio quality, and distortion.
To prevent this, it is important to regularly inspect and adjust the cartridge alignment, tracking force settings, anti-skate device, and other turntable components.
Additionally, cleaning both the stylus and record should be done regularly to remove dirt and dust buildup.
C. Expanding Your Knowledge on Vinyl Record Care and Maintenance
To ensure smooth record playback and increase the lifespan of your vinyl records, it is important to gain knowledge on proper record care.
This includes learning how to properly store, clean, and handle records as well as understanding how to best set up a turntable for optimal performance.
Additionally, researching accessories such as mats, cleaning brushes and fluids, record cleaners, sleeves and stabilizers can help maintain the condition of your records.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can a skipping record damage the stylus or turntable?
A. Yes, a skipping record can potentially damage the stylus or turntable if it continues for too long. This can occur due to excessive force being applied or if the skip occurs in the same groove repeatedly, as this can wear down the diamond tip of the stylus.
How can I tell if a skip is caused by a damaged record or a turntable issue?
B. To tell whether a skip is caused by a damaged record or a turntable issue, it is important to inspect the stylus and tonearm setup as well as check for dirt and dust buildup. Additionally, if the same skip occurs in different records, this can indicate an issue with the stylus or turntable.
What are the common mistakes to avoid while cleaning or storing records?
C. Common mistakes to avoid while cleaning or storing records include using harsh solvents or abrasive materials to clean the record, handling the record by its edges and labels only, and storing vinyl records in direct sunlight or a dusty environment.
How do I know when it’s time to replace my stylus or cartridge?
D. It is time to replace your stylus or cartridge if you notice any signs of wear on it such as dullness, nicks, or deep scratches. Additionally, if you hear any distortion or poor sound quality while playing records, this can be an indication that the stylus needs to be replaced.
Conclusion
In conclusion, taking proper care of vinyl records and maintaining a quality turntable setup are essential for smooth record playback and optimum listening experience.
Investing in high-quality components, regularly inspecting and adjusting equipment, as well as expanding knowledge on vinyl record maintenance and care will help ensure that your collection stands the test of time.
With these tips, you can enjoy your vinyl records for years to come.
